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HMA proteins produce 2',3'-cNMP signaling molecules and activate CNL-mediated immunity in rice
bioRxiv (preprint) 2026
Xiangyu Gong, Guoqing Niu, Shuyi Sun, Bingxiao Yan, Ziqiang Li, Wei Tang, Pei Hu, Huakun Zheng, Meilian Chen, Nicolas Ponceler, Zhougeng Xu, Xing Lv, Hui Lin, Jiyun Liu, Yuanyuan Gao, Lu Zhu, Xin Wang, Guo-Liang Wang, Didier Tharreau, Houxiang Kang, Yiwen Deng, Zonghua Wang, Yu Zhang, Zuhua He
This preprint shows that in rice, sensor HMA proteins produce 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide monophosphate (2',3'-cNMP) signaling molecules that are perceived by the LRR domains of CNL immune receptors (such as PigmR, Pi9 and Piz-t), triggering broad-spectrum disease resistance. Flow Induced Dispersion Analysis (FIDA), on a Fida 1 instrument, was used to confirm the binding of 2',3'-cAMP and 2',3'-cGMP to the purified LRR domains of these immune receptors, corroborating the micromolar affinities measured by microscale thermophoresis. It is an example of using FIDA to confirm and characterize small-molecule–protein binding interactions in solution.
